Theme One: Decision Making Theories

Read:

• Norman Bowie: a Kantian Approach to Business Ethics
• Virtue Ethics
• Utilitarianism
• A Framework for Making Ethical Decisions
• Connecting the Dots Between Intentions, Action and Results: A Comprehensive Approach to Ethical Decision Making
• Values and culture in ethical decision making
• Terms In and Types of Ethical Theory

Continue to refine your understanding of the relationship between ethics and the law. Your first learning activity will require that you respond in writing to the following scenario:

 

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Topic 4: Peyton is a 2-month-old female brought to the clinic by her 18-year-old mother for her health maintenance exam. What should the physical examination focus on for this child? What immunizations are due, if any? What age-appropriate anticipatory guidance topics should be discussed with mom? Include parent teaching

Include at least 3 references

 

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Respond to Post, please use APA format only and minumum of 1 cite, 400 word minumum.

Respond to the post below using the following criteria:

• Ask a probing question.

• Share an insight from having read your colleague’s posting.

• Offer and support an opinion.

• Validate an idea with your own experience.

• Make a suggestion.

• Expand on your colleague’s posting.

The Big Five

Many contemporary psychologists specializing in the trait approach to personality agree there is a dimensional scheme that can be used to describe the complex construct of personality. This dimensional scheme consists of five traits which has been come to be known as the Big Five.

The Big Five traits include the following:

• Extroversion is characterized as outgoing, gregarious, dominant, expressive, talkative, and social. In contrast, introverts tend to be more reserved, quiet, and submissive.
• Agreeableness refers to people who are trusting, kind, cooperative, and prosocial. Individuals who are low in this trait tend to be more competitive, argumentative, and unkind.
• Conscientiousness is a trait that can be described as thoughtful and dependable. Individuals who have high levels of this trait tend to have good impulsive control and are goal directed. Individuals who have low levels of this trait tend to be more careless and unreliable.
• Neuroticism is also referred to as emotionally instability. Individual who have high levels of neuroticism tend to be moody, anxious, irritable, and downtrodden. Individuals who are low in this trait present as more emotionally stable and calm.
• Openness is a trait also known as Openness to experience, culture or intellect. This trait relates to the characteristics of imagination and insight. People who have a high level of openness tend to be more explorative, imaginative, artistic, and clever. Those who have low levels of Openness are often described as shallow, traditional, and weary of change.

The Big Five traits have been researched significantly over the past years. Researchers such as McCrae & Terracciano (2005) conducted research on the Big Five traits in over 50 countries and found that they could be used to describe personality universally. Nave, Edmonds, Hampson, Murzyn, and Sauerberger (2016) also conducted a longitudinal study and found consistency in traits from childhood through midlife. Friedman and Schustack (2012) also point out that there is reason to believe that these traits have a biological origin.

In spite of these strengths, The Big Five has received its share of criticism. Friedman & Schustack (2012) point out that the traits are the product of individual’s descriptions, tests, and categorizations. This is described as a potential problem because the raters could be wrong in their evaluations for several reasons. The first reason is due to a bias called implicit personality theory. This is a type of bias where people identify consistencies from their impressions based on limited information. These consistencies however may not actually be occurring. This is similar to stereotypes where people believe that a trait is true for the group of people when in fact the judgement was based on limited or inaccurate information and/or experience.

If this type of bias occurred in developing the Big Five, then the factor analyses that was conducted only captured implicit theories of personality and not the actual dimensions. An additionally concern relates to the possibility that the raters may overlook traits that are actually present.

In spite of these challenges, personality is irrefutably a complicated and multi-dimensional construct that continues to evoke much discussion and debate. There does appear to be some promising developments relating to the strength of the Big Five traits however more research is needed.

References

Friedman, H. S. & Schustack, M. W. (2012). Personality: Classic theories and modern research (5th ed.). MA: Allyn & Bacon ISBN: 0-205-05017-4.

McCrae, R. R., & Terracciano, A. (2005). Universal features of personality traits from the observer’s perspective: data from 50 cultures. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, (3), 547.

Nave, C. S., Edmonds, G. W., Hampson, S. E., Murzyn, T., & Sauerberger, K. S. (2016). From elementary school to midlife: Childhood personality predicts behavior during cognitive testing over four decades later. Journal Of Research In Personality, doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2016.10.001

 

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Case Analysis: Harley-Davidson Inc. in May 2015

Read the case, “Harley-Davidson Inc. in May 2015” on page 502-514. Use the case analysis format provided below to identify and address the problems and provide several suggested solutions that the Harley-Davidson Inc. executive team can review for possible implementation.
Be sure to “identify 2 to 3 problems” and “develop 2 to 3 possible solutions to the problems identified”, and use this as the focus for making your case in the case format.

Note: The case questions provided at the end of each case can be used as an insight to what the problems might be; so be sure to investigate the case carefully.

Case Format

I. Write the Executive Summary

• One to two paragraphs in length
• On cover page of the report
• Briefly identify the major problems facing the manager/key person
• Summarize the recommended plan of action and include a brief justification of the recommended plan

II. Statement of the Problem

• State the problems facing the manager/key person
• Identify and link the symptoms and root causes of the problems
• Differentiate short term from long term problems
• Conclude with the decision facing the manager/key person

III. Causes of the Problem

• Provide a detailed analysis of the problems; identify in the Statement of the Problem
• In the analysis, apply theories and models from the text and/or readings
• Support conclusions and /or assumptions with specific references to the case and/or the readings

IV. Decision Criteria and Alternative Solutions

• Identify criteria against which you evaluate alternative solutions (i.e. time for implementation, tangible costs, acceptability to management)
• Include two or three possible alternative solutions
• Evaluate the pros and cons of each alternative against the criteria listed
• Suggest additional pros/cons if appropriate

V. Recommended Solution, Implementation and Justification

• Identify who, what, when, and how in your recommended plan of action
• Solution and implementation should address the problems and causes identified in the previous section
• The recommended plan should include a contingency plan(s) to back up the ‘ideal’ course of action
• Using models and theories, identify why you chose the recommended plan of action – why it’s the best and why it would work

VI. External Sourcing

• 2 to 3 external sources (in addition to your textbook) should be referenced to back up your recommendations or to identify issues. This information would be ideally sourced in current journals, magazines and newspapers and should reflect current management thought or practice with respect to the issues Identify.

The requirements below must be met for your paper to be accepted and graded:

• Write between 750 – 1,250 words (approximately 3 – 5 pages) using Microsoft Word in APA style, see example below.
• Use font size 12 and 1” margins.
• Include cover page and reference page.
• At least 80% of your paper must be original content/writing.
• No more than 20% of your content/information may come from references.
• Use at least three references from outside the course material, one reference must be from EBSCOhost. Text book, lectures, and other materials in the course may be used, but are not counted toward the three reference requirement.
• Cite all reference material (data, dates, graphs, quotes, paraphrased words, values, etc.) in the paper and list on a reference page in APA style.

References must

come from sources such as, scholarly journals found in EBSCOhost, CNN,

online newspapers such as, The Wall Street Journal, government websites,

etc. Sources such as, Wikis, Yahoo Answers, eHow, blogs, etc. are not

acceptable for academic writing.

 

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If you were a state legislator, and you had the opportunity to rework the juvenile justice system, would it be to the advantage of the taxpayer and the juveniles to split the juvenile courts into two sections? For example, one section would handle status offenders, and one section would handle juvenile delinquents.

• Address the following in 600–900 words:
  • Would it be to the advantage of the taxpayer and the juveniles to split the juvenile courts into two sections? Explain in detail why or why not.
    • How would the system decide who would go to a juvenile delinquency court and who would go to a status offender court? Explain.
    • Specifically, what would be the advantages? What would be the disadvantages?
    • Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? Why or why not?
• Remember to fully support your arguments with scholarly resources.
• Be sure to reference all sources using APA style.

 

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